A heroic study, given the data-collection challenges, on public funding for OA journals in Europe:
The study includes two separate components, collecting data separately for each European country (including transcontinental states): (1) the volume and key bibliometric characteristics of small- and mid-sized journal publishers and (2) information about country-level public funding mechanisms for scholarly journals. The study found that there are 16,387 journals from small- and mid-sized publishers being published in European countries, of which 36 per cent are already publishing open access. There is a large diversity in how countries reserve and distribute funds to journals, ranging from continuous inclusive subsidies to competitive grant funding or nothing at all.
There’s lots of rich data reported, including the high proportion of single-journal publishers. The authors (Mikael Laakso and Anna-Maija Multas), however, bury the lede. Here are their last two sentences:
A well-designed public funding instrument is likely to enable the existence and diversity of scholarly publication outlets, which are of high relevance to more specific audiences than just the generic universal global target audience.
Finland (as usual) is a few steps ahead.